作者在 2009-02-17 09:55:02 发布以下内容
编写托盘程序主要解决两个问题:
(1)创建、修改、删除托盘;
(2)如何对托 盘接收到的消息进行处理。
这就要用到几个Windows API函数。
首先,Shell_NotifyIcon是用于托盘的Shell API。该API用到一个NOTIFYICONDATA结构.
Type NOTIFYICONDATA
cbSize As Long 该结构所占字节数
hwnd As Long 接收托盘图标消息的窗口指针
uID As Long 由程序定义的图标识别符,因为有的程序有多个图标
uFlags As Long 对托盘图标操作的标志,包括添加、删除、修改
uCallbackMessage As Long 标志应用程序的消息
hIcon As Long 托盘图标指针
szTip As String * 64 当鼠标指到托盘图标时提示字符串
End Type
cbSize As Long 该结构所占字节数
hwnd As Long 接收托盘图标消息的窗口指针
uID As Long 由程序定义的图标识别符,因为有的程序有多个图标
uFlags As Long 对托盘图标操作的标志,包括添加、删除、修改
uCallbackMessage As Long 标志应用程序的消息
hIcon As Long 托盘图标指针
szTip As String * 64 当鼠标指到托盘图标时提示字符串
End Type
其次,应该考虑怎样在VB中接收、处理托盘的消息(双击、单击、左键、右 键)。C++、Delphi等语言对消息循环的处理较简单,但在VB中处理消息循环时必须应用Win32的SetWindowLong、CallWindowProc这两个API函数。SetWindowLong函数利用 GWL_WNDPROC 索引来创建窗口类的子类(窗口类是用来创建窗口的),它使用AddressOf关键字和回调函数(WindowProc)来截取消息并根据消息来执行相应的功能,如窗口的最大化、最小化、隐藏、退出等。CallWindowProc函数调用原窗口类缺省的指针,程序最后退出时可通过SetWindowLong来关闭子类,重新使原来的Windows过程成为回调函数。
本程序项目包括一个模块和一个窗体
1、模块源代码为:
Option Explicit 强制定义每个使用的变量
Type NOTIFYICONDATA 定义结构NOTIFYICONDATA
cbSize As Long
hwnd As Long
uID As Long
uFlags As Long
uCallbackMessage As Long
hIcon As Long
szTip As String * 64
End Type
cbSize As Long
hwnd As Long
uID As Long
uFlags As Long
uCallbackMessage As Long
hIcon As Long
szTip As String * 64
End Type
以下为 Shell_NotifyIcon将用到的常量
Public Const NIF_ICON = &H r> Public Const NIF_MESSAGE = &H1
Public Const NIF_TIP = &H4
Public Const NIM_ADD = &H0
Public Const NIM_DELETE = &H2
Public Const NIM_MODIFY = &H1
Public Const NIF_TIP = &H4
Public Const NIM_ADD = &H0
Public Const NIM_DELETE = &H2
Public Const NIM_MODIFY = &H1
Shell_NotifyIcon的函数声明
Declare Function Shell_NotifyIcon Lib "shell32.dll" Alias "Shell_NotifyIconA" (ByVal dwMessage As Long, lpData As NOTIFYICONDATA) As Long
处理消息将用到的结构、常量、API声明
Type POINTAPI
x As Long
y As Long
End Type
Type Msg
hwnd As Long
message As Long
wParam As Long
lParam As Long
time As Long
pt As POINTAPI
End Type
Public Const WM_USER = &H400
Public Const WM_RBUTTONDOWN = &H204
Public Const WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = &H203
Public Const GWL_WNDPROC = -4
Public trayflag As Boolean 定义托盘图标是否在桌面上
Global lpPrevWndProc As Long
Global gHW As Long
Declare Function CallWindowProc Lib "user32" Alias "CallWindowProcA" (ByVal lpPrevWndFunc As Long, ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal Msg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
Declare Function SetWindowLong Lib "user32" Alias "SetWindowLongA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal nIndex As Long, ByVal dwNewLong As Long) As Long
x As Long
y As Long
End Type
Type Msg
hwnd As Long
message As Long
wParam As Long
lParam As Long
time As Long
pt As POINTAPI
End Type
Public Const WM_USER = &H400
Public Const WM_RBUTTONDOWN = &H204
Public Const WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = &H203
Public Const GWL_WNDPROC = -4
Public trayflag As Boolean 定义托盘图标是否在桌面上
Global lpPrevWndProc As Long
Global gHW As Long
Declare Function CallWindowProc Lib "user32" Alias "CallWindowProcA" (ByVal lpPrevWndFunc As Long, ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal Msg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
Declare Function SetWindowLong Lib "user32" Alias "SetWindowLongA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal nIndex As Long, ByVal dwNewLong As Long) As Long
以下过程为消息循环处理
Function WindowProc(ByVal hw As Long, ByVal uMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
If hw = Form1.hwnd And uMsg = WM_USER+100 Then检测到鼠标点动托盘图标
Select Case lParam
Case WM_RBUTTONDOWN 鼠标右键按下
Form1.PopupMenu Form1.mainmenu 弹出菜单
Case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 鼠标左键双击
Form1.Show 显示窗口
Case Else
End Select
Else 调用缺省窗口指针
WindowProc = CallWindowProc(lpPrevWndProc, hw,uMsg, wParam, lParam)
End If
End Function
Public Sub hook()
If hw = Form1.hwnd And uMsg = WM_USER+100 Then检测到鼠标点动托盘图标
Select Case lParam
Case WM_RBUTTONDOWN 鼠标右键按下
Form1.PopupMenu Form1.mainmenu 弹出菜单
Case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 鼠标左键双击
Form1.Show 显示窗口
Case Else
End Select
Else 调用缺省窗口指针
WindowProc = CallWindowProc(lpPrevWndProc, hw,uMsg, wParam, lParam)
End If
End Function
Public Sub hook()
将程序勾入消息环中
利用AddressOf取得消息处理函数WindowProc的指针,并将其传给SetWindowLong
lpPrevWndProc用来存储原窗口的指针
lpPrevWndProc = SetWindowLong(gHW, GWL_WNDPROC, AddressOf WindowProc)
End Sub
Public Sub Unhook()
End Sub
Public Sub Unhook()
将程序从消息环退出。用原窗口的指针替换WindowProc函数的指针,即关闭子类、退 出消息循环
Dim temp As Long
temp = SetWindowLong(gHW, GWL_WNDPROC, lpPrevWndProc)
End Sub
temp = SetWindowLong(gHW, GWL_WNDPROC, lpPrevWndProc)
End Sub
2、在窗口form1加入一个主菜单mainmenu,设置为不可见。在加入一些子菜单如" 显示窗口"(名称为:show),"隐藏窗口"(名称为:hide),退出程序"(名称为:exit)。 在加入四个按钮Command1,Command2,Command3,Command。caption属性分别为:"删除托 盘图标","创建托盘图标","修改托盘图标","退出程序".
代码窗口的内容为:
Dim MyNot As NOTIFYICONDATA 定义一个托盘结构
Private Sub Command1_Click()
按下删除托盘图标按钮
With MyNot
.hIcon = Form1.Icon 托盘图标指针指向窗口的图标
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd 窗体指针
.szTip = "" 弹出提示字符串,删除时应为空
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100 对应程序定义的消息
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE 图标标志
.uID = 1 图标识别符
.cbSize = Len(MyNot) 计算结构实例MyNot的长度
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, MyNot) 删除该托盘图标
trayflag = False 托盘图标删除后trayflag为假
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click() 按下创建托盘图标按钮
Dim hh As Long
With MyNot
.hIcon = Form1.Icon
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd
.szTip = "托盘图标" & Chr(&H0)
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE
.uID = 1
.cbSize = Len(MyNot)
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, MyNot) 添加一个托盘图标
trayflag = True 托盘图标添加后trayflag为真
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click() 按下修改托盘图标按钮
Dim hh As Long
Set P = LoadPicture("cd.ico") 导入一个新图标
With MyNot
.hIcon = P 将托盘图标改为新图标
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd
.szTip = "光盘图标" & Chr(&H0) 更改提示信息
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE
.uID = 1
.cbSize = Len(MyNot)
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, MyNot) 修改托盘图标的某些特征
End Sub
Private Sub Command4_Click() 退出窗口按钮被按下
If trayflag = True Then Command1_Click 如果托盘图标仍在,模拟按下"删 除托盘图标"按钮
Unhook 退出消息循环
Unload Me 卸载窗体
End Sub
Private Sub exit_Click()
If trayflag = True Then Command1_Click 如果托盘图标仍在,模拟按下"删除托 盘图标"按钮
Unhook 退出消息循环
Unload Me 卸载窗体
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
gHW = Me.hwnd 取得本窗体指针
hook 调用钩子函数,将自制消息处理函数钩入Windows的消息循环
End Sub
Private Sub hide_Click()
Form1.hide 隐藏窗口
End Sub
Private Sub show_Click()
Form1.show 显示窗口
End Sub
.hIcon = Form1.Icon 托盘图标指针指向窗口的图标
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd 窗体指针
.szTip = "" 弹出提示字符串,删除时应为空
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100 对应程序定义的消息
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE 图标标志
.uID = 1 图标识别符
.cbSize = Len(MyNot) 计算结构实例MyNot的长度
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, MyNot) 删除该托盘图标
trayflag = False 托盘图标删除后trayflag为假
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click() 按下创建托盘图标按钮
Dim hh As Long
With MyNot
.hIcon = Form1.Icon
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd
.szTip = "托盘图标" & Chr(&H0)
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE
.uID = 1
.cbSize = Len(MyNot)
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, MyNot) 添加一个托盘图标
trayflag = True 托盘图标添加后trayflag为真
End Sub
Private Sub Command3_Click() 按下修改托盘图标按钮
Dim hh As Long
Set P = LoadPicture("cd.ico") 导入一个新图标
With MyNot
.hIcon = P 将托盘图标改为新图标
.hwnd = Form1.hwnd
.szTip = "光盘图标" & Chr(&H0) 更改提示信息
.uCallbackMessage = WM_USER + 100
.uFlags = NIF_ICON Or NIF_TIP Or NIF_MESSAGE
.uID = 1
.cbSize = Len(MyNot)
End With
hh = Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, MyNot) 修改托盘图标的某些特征
End Sub
Private Sub Command4_Click() 退出窗口按钮被按下
If trayflag = True Then Command1_Click 如果托盘图标仍在,模拟按下"删 除托盘图标"按钮
Unhook 退出消息循环
Unload Me 卸载窗体
End Sub
Private Sub exit_Click()
If trayflag = True Then Command1_Click 如果托盘图标仍在,模拟按下"删除托 盘图标"按钮
Unhook 退出消息循环
Unload Me 卸载窗体
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
gHW = Me.hwnd 取得本窗体指针
hook 调用钩子函数,将自制消息处理函数钩入Windows的消息循环
End Sub
Private Sub hide_Click()
Form1.hide 隐藏窗口
End Sub
Private Sub show_Click()
Form1.show 显示窗口
End Sub
在VB中编译这个程序,点击创建托盘图标。则在任务栏的右下角出现在一图标。 将鼠标放在此图标上,则显示一条信息。点击右键,弹出菜单,可以选择相应的功能执 行的。当窗口隐藏时双击托盘图标可显示窗口。注意:在VB中使用函数指针将使程序变 得脆弱,在运用与其相关的函数及关键字时要多加小心。