1、空类的sizeof是1。空类是指没有成员的类,类中的函数不占空间,除非是虚函数。
如:
class A
{
public:
A(){}
~A(){}
void fun(){}
};
sizeof(A)是1.
注:
class A1
{
public:
A1(){}
~A1(){}
void fun(){}
char a[0];
};
sizeof(A1)也是1.(VC6.0下编译)
2、若类中包含成员,则类对象的大小只包括其中非静态成员经过对齐所占的空间,对齐方式和结构体相同。如:
class A
{
public:
int b;
float c;
char d;
};
sizeof(A)是12.
class A
{
public:
static int a;
int b;
float c;
char d;
};
sizeof(A)是12.
class A
{
public:
static int a;
int b;
float c;
char d;
int add(int x,int y)
{
return x+y;
}
};
sizeof(A)也是12.
3、若类中包含虚函数,则无论有几个虚函数,sizeof类都等于sizeof(数据成员)的和+sizeof(V表指针,为4),如:
class Base
{
public:
Base(){cout<<"Base-ctor"<<endl;}
~Base(){cout<<"Base-dtor"<<endl;}
int a;
virtual void f(int) {cout<<"Base::f(int)"<<endl;}
virtual void f(double){cout<<"Base::f(double)"<<endl;}
};
sizeof(Base)为8.
4、对于子类,它的sizeof是它父类成员(无论成员是public或private),再加上它自己的成员,对齐后的sizeof,如:
class A2
{
public:
int a;
private:
char b;
};
class A3:public A2
{
public:
char b;
short a;
};
sizeof(A3)是8. 但如果A3如下:
class A3:public A2
{
public:
short a;
char b;
};
sizeof(A3)是12.
5、对于子类和父类中都有虚函数的情况,子类的sizeof是它父类成员(无论成员是public或private),再加上它自己的成员,对齐后的sizeof,再加4(虚表指针)。如:
class Base
{
public:
Base(){cout<<"Base-ctor"<<endl;}
~Base(){cout<<"Base-dtor"<<endl;}
int a;
virtual void f(int) {cout<<"Base::f(int)"<<endl;}
virtual void f(double){cout<<"Base::f(double)"<<endl;}
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
Derived(){cout<<"Derived-ctor"<<endl;}
int b;
virtual void g(int){cout<<"Derived::g(int)"<<endl;}
};
sizeof(Derived)是12.
6、对于虚继承的子类,其sizeof的值是其父类成员,加上它自己的成员,以及它自己一个指向父类的指针(大小为4),对齐后的sizeof。如:
#include <iostream.h>
class a
{
private:
int x;
};
class b: virtual public a
{
private:
int y;
};
class c: virtual public a
{
private:
int z;
};
class d:public b,public c
{
private:
int m;
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
cout<<sizeof(a)<<endl;
cout<<sizeof(b)<<endl;
cout<<sizeof(c)<<endl;
cout<<sizeof(d)<<endl;
return 0;
}
在VC6.0下调试结果为
4
12
12
24
sizeof(b)和sizeof(c)相同,都是4+4+4=12。
sizeof(d)是sizeof(b)(为12)+sizeof(c)(为12)-b和c相同的部分(a的成员,大小是4)+d自己的成员(大小为4)=24
7、对于既有虚继承又有虚函数的子类,其sizeof的值是其父类成员(计算虚表指针大小+4),加上它自己的成员(计算虚表指针大小+4),以及它自己一个指向父类的指针(大小为4),对齐后的sizeof
class Base
{
public:
Base(){cout<<"Base-ctor"<<endl;}
~Base(){cout<<"Base-dtor"<<endl;}
virtual void f(int) {cout<<"Base::f(int)"<<endl;}
virtual void f(double){cout<<"Base::f(double)"<<endl;}
};
class Derived:virtual public Base
{
public:
Derived(){cout<<"Derived-ctor"<<endl;}
virtual void g(int){cout<<"Derived::g(int)"<<endl;}
};
sizeof(Base)=4
sizeof(Derived)=12 (父类虚表指针大小4+自己虚表指针大小4+子类指向父类的一个指针大小4=12)